5th Grade Unit 3 Study Guide - Forces
Hypothesis: an idea that can be tested by an experiment or observation (There will be examples of a hypothesis – think about which one is an idea that is tested – a lot of times it is between two different objects)
Sample: If you roll a ball on a smooth surface, it will go further. (this can be observed or tested by rolling a ball on multiple surfaces (smooth and rough – and then comparing the results)Force: when a force is applied to an object and the force applied is greater than the object’s force, the object will move in the direction that the force is applied. (remember – a force is a push or pull….think of the tug of war with Derek Mankins and Gage Lindley!!)
- Ways you can overcome forces – reducing the mass, getting more people to help (making a stronger force), using rollers (if you want to move something heavy)
- When a force is applied to an object, there will be a change of speed or direction
Gravity: pulls things down – this is why it is easier to put something down than pick something up…why it is easier to run down a hill instead of up a hill)
An object in motions will stay in motion unless a force is applied to it. But, if there is an equal force, there will be no movement.
Please know your left from your right!!!
Know these vocabulary words!!!!
1. Energy : is the ability do work
2. Force: a push or pull on anything
3. Friction: a force between two surfaces rubbing against each other
4. Gravitational energy: energy is needed to overcome gravity
5. Gravity: the force that pulls objects toward each other
6. Kinetic energy: the energy of motion
7. Motion: a change in the position of an object
8. Potential energy : energy that is stored in an object
5th Grade Unit 2 Study Guide - Physical Properties
Physical Property: observable characteristics of matter (use your 5 senses to identify or measure them with tools)
Examples of physical properties we have discussed in class and the lab: magnetism, state of matter, density, volume, mass, color, texture, flexibility, durability, buoyancy, solubility, and shape.
States of Matter (solid, liquid, and gas)
When a solid dissolves (breaks into pieces and becomes part of the liquid.
· The grains get smaller in size until they can no longer be seen – (think in the labs when we dissolved the salt to become a solution)
· This process takes time
Buoyancy – the tendency of certain objects to float (think of a beach ball)
Density – will determine if an object will float or sink
Water stays a liquid when salt is added, but the freezing point and boiling point will change. Salt will lower the freezing point of water and turn ice back into a liquid.
Vocabulary – You are only responsible for the following words:
Examples of physical properties we have discussed in class and the lab: magnetism, state of matter, density, volume, mass, color, texture, flexibility, durability, buoyancy, solubility, and shape.
States of Matter (solid, liquid, and gas)
- Solid – particles are tight together, vibrating in a fixed position. Three is a definite shape and volume.
- Liquid – particles are not as tight together and are able to slide past each other. There is no definite shape, but there is a definite volume. Liquids will take the shape of their container.
- Gas – particles are spread out and are moving the fastest. There is no definite shape and no definite volume.
When a solid dissolves (breaks into pieces and becomes part of the liquid.
· The grains get smaller in size until they can no longer be seen – (think in the labs when we dissolved the salt to become a solution)
· This process takes time
Buoyancy – the tendency of certain objects to float (think of a beach ball)
Density – will determine if an object will float or sink
- Things that are more dense than water will sink. (metals and glass)
- Things that are less dense than water will float. (plastic, wood and Styrofoam)
- Not all metals are magnetic
- Iron and steel are magnetic
- Allow heat or electricity to flow through (THINK ARROW)
- Metals are good conductors
- Some conductors are better than others
- Prevent or resist heat or electricity from flowing through (THINK STOPSIGN)
- Rubber, plastic, and wood are good insulators
- Water boils at 100 degrees Celcius
- Water freezes at 0 degrees Celcius
- Thermometers measure temperature. Be able to read a thermometer. (look at your handout – Measuring Physical Properties)
- A triple beam balance is used to measure mass.
- Graduated cylinders and beakers measure liquid volume.
- A hand lens will allow you to magnify your view
- A notebook is used to record information
- Follow teacher instructions
- Do not eat, drink or smell in the lab.
- Wear goggles when working with glass, chemicals, or when heating objects
- Pull hair back, jewelry off, and dangling clothes pulled back
- Wear gloves when touching specimens
- By repeating experiments, your results will be more accurate
- By reusing things or recycling, we are saving the environment. We will recycle materials as much as we can in lab.
Water stays a liquid when salt is added, but the freezing point and boiling point will change. Salt will lower the freezing point of water and turn ice back into a liquid.
Vocabulary – You are only responsible for the following words:
- boiling: when a liquid is so hot that it changes to a gas
- buoyancy: a force that causes floating
- density: is the amount of mass in an object
- dissolved: to become absorbed in liquid
- freeze: to change from a liquid to a solid when temperature drops
- magnetism: a force that pulls magnetic materials across a distance
- matter: the material, or stuff, that everything is made of
- melting: when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
- mixture: a combination of two or more substances that do not form a new substance
- solution: a mixture with one substance spread out so evenly in another substance that you cannot tell the two substances apart